{"id":3895,"date":"2014-12-07T17:02:08","date_gmt":"2014-12-07T16:02:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tipyjakfotit.cz\/?p=3895"},"modified":"2015-11-29T01:01:18","modified_gmt":"2015-11-29T00:01:18","slug":"9-tipu-ktere-zacatecnikum-usnadni-porozumet-hloubce-ostrosti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tipyjakfotit.cz\/9-tipu-ktere-zacatecnikum-usnadni-porozumet-hloubce-ostrosti\/","title":{"rendered":"9 tip\u016f, kter\u00e9 za\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edk\u016fm usnadn\u00ed porozum\u011bt hloubce ostrosti"},"content":{"rendered":"

Pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b jste ji\u017e zaslechli pojem hloubka ostrosti, ov\u0161em je-li fotograf za\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edkem, pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b s n\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b nebude schopen pln\u011b hospoda\u0159it. Ov\u0161em nen\u00ed v\u00fdjimkou, \u017ee i mnoho profesion\u00e1ln\u00edch nebo zku\u0161en\u00fdch fotograf\u016f m\u00e1 s hloubkou ostrosti \u2013 Depth of Field (DoF) a jej\u00edm stoprocentn\u00edm vyu\u017eit\u00edm probl\u00e9m. Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed definic\u00ed hloubky ostrosti jest: Rozd\u00edl vzd\u00e1lenost\u00ed mezi nejvzd\u00e1len\u011bj\u0161\u00edm a nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00edm objektem, kter\u00fd se lidsk\u00e9mu oku jev\u00ed jako ostr\u00fd.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Jak clona ovliv\u0148uje hloubku ostrosti?<\/h3>\n

Clona ovliv\u0148uje mno\u017estv\u00ed sv\u011btla dopadaj\u00edc\u00ed na senzor prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm otvoru, p\u0159es kter\u00fd prostupuje sv\u011btlo do fotoapar\u00e1tu. Nastaven\u00ed clony (f) je nejjednodu\u0161\u0161\u00edm zp\u016fsobem jak hloubku ostrosti ovl\u00e1dat.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Pro snadn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zapamatov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00e1m pro v\u00e1s dv\u011b kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 pou\u010dky:<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Velk\u00fd otvor<\/strong> = mal\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo f = mal\u00e1 hloubka ostrosti.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Mal\u00fd otvor<\/strong> = velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo f = v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed hloubka ostrosti.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u010cili \u010d\u00edm v\u00edc sn\u00ed\u017e\u00edte clonov\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo, t\u00edm men\u0161\u00ed bude hloubka ostrosti. S nastaven\u00edm clony f \/ 2.8 bude fotoapar\u00e1t zachycovat\u00a0 velmi n\u00edzkou hloubku ostrosti, zat\u00edmco p\u0159i nastaven\u00ed f \/ 11 bude hloubka ostrosti p\u0159irozen\u011b mnohem v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"shutterstock_271861091\"<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Jak ovliv\u0148uje vzd\u00e1lenost hloubku ostrosti?<\/h3>\n

\u010c\u00edm bl\u00ed\u017ee je objekt k fotoapar\u00e1tu, t\u00edm men\u0161\u00ed bude hloubka ostrosti.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Jak ovliv\u0148uje hloubku ostrosti ohniskov\u00e1 vzd\u00e1lenost?<\/h3>\n

Ohniskov\u00e1 vzd\u00e1lenost odkazuje na schopnost objektivu zv\u011bt\u0161it vzd\u00e1len\u00fd objekt. To m\u016f\u017ee na\u0161e ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed hloubky ostrosti trochu zkomplikovat, ale existuje jednoduch\u00e1 odpov\u011b\u010f je, \u017ee \u010d\u00edm vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed je ohniskov\u00e1 vzd\u00e1lenost, t\u00edm men\u0161\u00ed bude hloubka ostrosti: nap\u0159. pokud je objekt vzd\u00e1len\u00fd 10 metr\u016f a vy pou\u017eijete fotoapar\u00e1t s ohniskovou vzd\u00e1lenost\u00ed 50mm a s clonov\u00fdm \u010d\u00edslem f \/ 4, hloubka ostrosti bude m\u00edt rozsah mezi 7,5 – 14,7m.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Lze nastavit hloubku ostrosti individu\u00e1ln\u011b pro ka\u017edou situaci?<\/h3>\n

To samoz\u0159ejm\u011b lze, ale nezapom\u00ednejte, \u017ee nastaven\u00ed clony bezprost\u0159edn\u011b ovliv\u0148uje nastaven\u00ed \u010dasu z\u00e1v\u011brky. Tak\u017ee pokud se sna\u017e\u00edte zv\u00fd\u0161it hloubku ostrosti s pomoc\u00ed sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed clony, mus\u00edte z\u00e1rove\u0148 zv\u00fd\u0161it rychlost z\u00e1v\u011brky, abyste p\u0159ede\u0161li rozmaz\u00e1n\u00ed sn\u00edmku. Pochopen\u00ed kooperace t\u011bchto t\u0159\u00ed pojm\u016f v\u00e1m usnadn\u00ed nejen ve\u0161kerou manipulaci s fotoapar\u00e1tem a manu\u00e1ln\u00edm nastaven\u00edm, ale tak\u00e9 pom\u016f\u017ee k perfektn\u00edmu pochopen\u00ed hloubky ostrosti.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Je hloubka ostrosti rovnom\u011brn\u011b rozlo\u017een\u00e1 v p\u0159edn\u00ed a zadn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti fotografovan\u00e9ho objektu?<\/h3>\n

Ne, obvykle se jedn\u00e1 zhruba o t\u0159etinu p\u0159ed a dv\u011b t\u0159etiny za va\u0161\u00edm ost\u0159\u00edc\u00edm bodem, ale se zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00edm ohniskov\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti se toto rozlo\u017een\u00ed st\u00e1v\u00e1 vyrovnan\u011bj\u0161\u00edm.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Jak mi pochopen\u00ed hloubky ostrosti pom\u016f\u017ee se zlep\u0161en\u00edm fotografi\u00ed?<\/h3>\n

Ovl\u00e1dnut\u00ed umu hloubky ostrosti je jedn\u00edm z nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch n\u00e1stroj\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou v\u00e1m p\u0159i fotografov\u00e1n\u00ed k dispozici, jeliko\u017e spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 ost\u0159en\u00ed je pr\u00e1v\u011b jedn\u00edm z n\u00e1stroj\u016f, kter\u00e9 ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed dokonal\u00fd sn\u00edmek. Pokud budete p\u0159esn\u011b v\u011bd\u011bt, kter\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti sn\u00edmku chcete ostr\u00e9 a kter\u00e9 rozost\u0159en\u00e9 a pokud budete um\u011bt perfektn\u011b pracovat s hloubkou ostrosti, nic v\u00e1m nebr\u00e1n\u00ed v tvo\u0159en\u00ed nezapomenuteln\u00fdch sn\u00edmk\u016f.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"shutterstock_248879608\"<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Kdy se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 mal\u00e1 hloubka ostrosti?<\/h3>\n

Pou\u017eit\u00ed mal\u00e9 (n\u00edzk\u00e9) hloubky ostrosti je dobr\u00fd zp\u016fsob, jak d\u00e1t vyniknout objekt\u016fm a pomoci jim vystoupit z pozad\u00ed (osv\u011bd\u010den\u00fd zp\u016fsob v portr\u00e9tn\u00ed fotografii). N\u00edzk\u00e1 DoF je d\u00e1le u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e1 p\u0159i fotografov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrody, kdy chcete, aby objekt (zv\u00ed\u0159e) p\u0159\u00edmo vystupovalo z pozad\u00ed (les, louka atd.). P\u0159i fotografov\u00e1n\u00ed v p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b m\u00e1te \u010dasto velmi zt\u00ed\u017een\u00e9 sv\u011bteln\u00e9 podm\u00ednky a sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed clonov\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edsla propust\u00ed na senzor fotoapar\u00e1tu v\u00edce sv\u011btla. Mal\u00e1 hloubka ostrosti je takt\u00e9\u017e velmi vhodn\u00e1 pro sportovn\u00ed fotografie, kde je kolikr\u00e1t nutnost odd\u011blit sportovce od pozad\u00ed (hlu\u010dn\u00e9ho davu s vlaj\u00edc\u00edmi f\u00e1borky). V\u00fdsledkem n\u00edzk\u00e9 hloubky ostrosti a rychl\u00e9 z\u00e1v\u011brky by m\u011bl b\u00fdt dokonale zmrazen\u00fd sn\u00edmek.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Kdy se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 vet\u0161\u00ed hloubka ostrosti?<\/h3>\n

V krajin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 fotografii je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 dostat co nejv\u00edce do centra pozornosti. Pomoc\u00ed \u0161iroko\u00fahl\u00e9ho objektivu a mal\u00e9ho otvoru budete moci maximalizovat hloubku ostrosti tak, aby v centru pozornosti byla cel\u00e1 sc\u00e9na.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"shutterstock_1191275832\"<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Co je to bokeh?<\/h3>\n

Bokeh (boh-ke) poch\u00e1z\u00ed z japonsk\u00e9ho slova rozmaz\u00e1n\u00ed. Tento efekt je k nalezen\u00ed na rozost\u0159en\u00e9 oblasti mimo hloubku ostrosti a skl\u00e1d\u00e1 se z krou\u017ek\u016f zp\u016fsoben\u00fdch tvarem clony. Snadn\u011bji bokehu dos\u00e1hnete s otvorem doko\u0159\u00e1n (tzn. f \/ 2.8), nicm\u00e9n\u011b bokehu lze dos\u00e1hnout i s vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm clonov\u00fdm \u010d\u00edslem v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee je pozad\u00ed dostate\u010dn\u011b vzd\u00e1len\u00e9.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b jste ji\u017e zaslechli pojem hloubka ostrosti, ov\u0161em je-li fotograf za\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edkem, pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b s n\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b nebude schopen pln\u011b hospoda\u0159it. Ov\u0161em nen\u00ed v\u00fdjimkou, \u017ee i mnoho profesion\u00e1ln\u00edch nebo zku\u0161en\u00fdch fotograf\u016f m\u00e1 s hloubkou ostrosti \u2013 Depth of Field (DoF) a jej\u00edm stoprocentn\u00edm vyu\u017eit\u00edm probl\u00e9m. Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed definic\u00ed hloubky ostrosti jest: Rozd\u00edl vzd\u00e1lenost\u00ed mezi nejvzd\u00e1len\u011bj\u0161\u00edm a nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00edm objektem, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":5866,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[3,81],"tags":[202,201],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tipyjakfotit.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3895"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tipyjakfotit.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tipyjakfotit.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tipyjakfotit.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tipyjakfotit.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3895"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/tipyjakfotit.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3895\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tipyjakfotit.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5866"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tipyjakfotit.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3895"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tipyjakfotit.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3895"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tipyjakfotit.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3895"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}